International Remittance Legal Guide for Banks

New Appleseed Guide Helps Banks Provide Fair and Efficient Services to Growing International Remittance Market
January 8, 2008

Appleseed, a network of public interest justice centers in the U.S. and Mexico, this morning released a first-of-its kind guide to assist banks and other financial institutions in better serving the growing remittance market. Immigrants living in the U.S. sent $45 billion to Mexico and Latin America in 2006, according to recent estimates from the Inter-American Development Bank.

In addition to providing a detailed market overview, “Banking in a Global Market” offers a comprehensive hands-on approach to setting up transparent and efficient remittance services, drawing on the experiences of large and small financial institutions throughout the U.S.
“Appleseed has found banks need guidance in starting remittance programs and serving the immigrant market. It’s win-win: by offering remittance services, financial institutions get new customers, and immigrants have more safe and convenient places to remit money, keep savings, build credit without paying high and unpredictable transaction fees,” said Betsy Cavendish, executive director of Appleseed. Over the past four years, Appleseed has educated immigrant communities about the U.S. financial services system and highlighted the market potential in immigrant communities to financial institutions. Appleseed has pressed for transparency in the remittance market, urged that a history of sending remittances be considered evidence of credit-worthiness, and fought taxation of remittances.

Approximately 100 banks and credit unions in the U.S. currently offer and actively market consumer remittance products. “That is a fraction of the number that could be providing remittance services to growing immigrant communities,” according to Ann Baddour, senior policy analyst for Texas Appleseed and lead author of the guide. Among Latin American immigrants, 70 percent of remittance senders use cash-to-cash transfer services through money transfer businesses such as Western Union and MoneyGram, while estimates of remittances sent through banks range from five percent to 19 percent.

Through detailed profiles of 11 financial institutions, Appleseed’s guide illustrates six approaches to setting up remittance programs. The profiled financial institutions are:BankCherokee , Central Bank of Kansas, Citizens State Bank, First Bank, Harris Bank, Latino Community Credit Union, Mitchell Bank, Pinnacle Bank, United Americas Bank, U.S. Bank and Wells Fargo.

###

Appleseed, a nonprofit network of 16 public interest justice centers in the United States and Mexico, uncovers and corrects social injustices through legal, legislative and market-based structural reform. Appleseed and Appleseed Centers bring together volunteers from the law, business and academic professions to devise long-term solutions to problems affecting the underprivileged and underrepresented in such areas as education and financial access. For more information, visit: www.appleseednetwork.org.

APPLESEED CONTACTS:
Patti RiippaCommunications Associate202-347-7960, ext. 104
Eric GutiérrezImmigration Policy Director202-347-7960, ext. 120(Available for Spanish-language media)
Ann BaddourSenior Policy Analyst and lead report authorAppleseed Financial Access Project512-473-2800, ext. 104512-203-3556 (cell)

CONTACTS FOR PROFILED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS:
Latino Community Credit UnionAngel RomeroMedia Relations919-688-9270
United Americas BankJorge FormentPresident and CEO404-240-0101
Mitchell BankJames MaloneyPresident and CEO414-277-9080
Wells FargoLisa Westermann Assistant Vice President, Public Relations Wells Fargo Card Services415-222-6236 415-845-7759 (cell)
Pinnacle BankDaniel PadillaDirector of Latino Banking402-434-3134

MoneyBancard

We have secured the Internet domain www.moneybancard.com and are launching a new pre-paid, stored value card which will be called MoneyBancard.

We think that this will be a dominant brand in the money remittance and stored value transaction market. Be sure to listen to our podcasts via the control on the right column of this blog to hear more about our concept of where this exploding market is going.

"Free Checking" Accounts, Not So Free

From EarthTimes.org

Banks Reap Huge Profits From Overdraft Fees on 'Free Checking' Accounts

Posted : Mon, 19 Nov 2007 18:31:49 GMT
Author : California Reinvestment Coalition

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 19 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Banks are robbing their customers blind with overdraft fees. It is modern day usury to allow customers to spend money they don't have and then charge them excessive fees without their consent, as banks do with overdraft fees. The California Reinvestment Coalition (CRC) released a report today that reveals how the complicated and deceptive overdraft policies at California's biggest banks allow them to reap huge profits from their mostly working class account holders.

"The free checking accounts that banks advertise are not really free. Customers are lured into debt traps by being allowed to use their debit/ATM cards even when there is no money in their account," says CRC Senior Policy Advocate Rhea Serna.
Click here to read more.

By using IPM pre-paid, stored value cards instead of bank accounts, unknown fees can be avoided.

Cross-Border Banking

From U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of New York

Customers who bank with U.S. depository institutions enjoy some of the best and strongest consumer protection laws and deposit insurance available in the world. These safeguards include laws and regulation designed to ensure that:

Interest rates charged for loans or paid on deposits are explained truthfully and clearly
Bank deposits are insured

Personal and confidential information is used and handled appropriately
Depository institutions are managed in a safe and sound manner and in full compliance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations

If U.S. banks and depository institutions fail to adhere to laws and regulations to protect depositors, you can file complaints with federal or state regulators.

The open nature of the Internet makes it easier for you to get information on financial products and services offered by banks and financial institutions from around the country and the world. Thus it is important to remember that if you do business with institutions outside the United States:
Your transactions may not be protected by United States or state laws or regulations, and your deposits may not be insured
Instead, the laws and regulations of the foreign bank's home country may apply
Consequently, it is wise to know a foreign bank's reputation before you decide to open an account or purchase financial products or services. This includes learning where the institution is located or chartered and what kinds of consumer protection, if any, the bank's home country offers.

Most banks provide information on their Web site about where they are located and how to contact them by telephone, in person, or by postal mail. Do not hesitate to contact them if you still have questions about consumer protections after reading on-line materials.

Boycott protests Western Union fees

By David Milstead,
Rocky Mountain News
September 14, 2007

Western Union has spent much of 2007 worrying that some of its customers have stopped sending money for fear of deportation.

Now, an immigration-advocacy group is urging the transmitter's customers to stay away for a different reason: The company's prices are so high, the group says, they're exploitative.
The Transnational Institute for Grassroots Research and Action, an Oakland, Calif.-based group, is launching a boycott. The group says Western Union's fees are too high and it doesn't reinvest enough in the communities it serves.

The boycott announcement comes just as Douglas County- based Western Union announced a new, five-year, $50 million charitable-giving program called "Our World, Our Family."

The program includes scholarships for children in two-country families and immigration advocacy. It follows the company's earlier five-year, $40 million program of giving.

"We believe our level of giving is comparable with others in the industry," said spokesman Daniel Diaz. "We strongly believe our model of contributing to communities is working."

Francis Calpotura, founder of the boycott group, argues that the charitable giving is small in relation to the company's size, particularly when its fees "come from families without a lot to begin with."

Western Union's pricing has been a sore point before. The company faced a number of lawsuits in the 1990s that alleged consumers were misled by the company's undisclosed profits on foreign currency exchange. They were settled in December 2000, and the establishment of the Western Union Foundation was part of the deal.

There's no question the company's prices are higher than its competitors', as the company positions itself as having an unparalleled branch network: 300,000 agents worldwide, or as many as the next eight largest money transmitters combined.

Competition on certain transmitting "corridors," particularly to Mexico, has been intense in the past several years, and Western Union reduced prices to narrow the distance between it and other companies. Still, said Gwenn Bezard, research director at consulting firm The Aite Group, Western Union's prices remain about 10 percent to 15 percent above closest competitor MoneyGram.

"To an extent, you can argue it's too expensive," Bezard said. "But there aren't too many good alternatives."

Migrant Cash is World Economic Giant

"Immigration, Inc. - one of the biggest businesses on the planet."

From the Associated Press.
By WILLIAM J. KOLE
Associated Press Writer

TIRANA, Albania (AP) -- Josif Poro pats his new sofa, points with pride to his carpets and runs a wrinkled hand over a gleaming white refrigerator. He and his wife barely scrape by on their $220 monthly pension. They'd have to do without many of the items in their cramped apartment if their son, a factory worker in Greece, didn't faithfully send home part of his earnings.

"We call him our golden boy," said Poro, 83, a retired textile mill worker.
Around the world, millions of immigrants are sending billions of dollars back home.
One sweaty wad of bills or $200 Western Union moneygram at a time, they form what could be called Immigration, Inc. - one of the biggest businesses on the planet.

Experts tracking the phenomenon told The Associated Press they have gotten a much clearer picture since the 9/11 attacks, when authorities trying to cut the flow of cash to jihadists began taking a harder look at how immigrants move their money around.

Click here to read the rest.

Remittances, Free Trade and Cross-Border Banking

From AOL Money and Finance via PR Newswire.

DALLAS, Aug. 20 /PRNewswire/ -- Remittances to Mexico, free trade and cross-border banking are the focus of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas' latest issue of Southwest Economy. Find the July/August issue online at http://www.dallasfed.org . Lower money-transfer costs and better measurement techniques likely explain the post-2000 growth in remittances from the United States to Mexico, according to Dallas Fed assistant economists Jesus Canas and Roberto Coronado and senior economist and policy adviser Pia Orrenius.

In "Explaining the Increase in Remittances to Mexico," the authors assert that the growth in the Mexican migrant population and their income alone can't account for the increase in remittances.

"Real remittances grew 170 percent from 2000 to 2005, but in the U.S., the Mexican-born population grew only 20 percent," they write.

Instead, they find that more migrants are turning to formal channels to send remittances due to reduced fees and that the Banco de Mexico has modernized procedures for collecting and recording remittance data.

"Spurred by declining costs for both senders and receivers, migrants increasingly have been transmitting remittances through formal channels rather than informal channels, such as carrying cash back home," according to the authors.

Many Americans get only the protectionist viewpoint on free trade, says Blake Hastings in this issue's "On the Record" conversation. "They rarely hear how protectionism distorts the economy, leads to higher prices, breeds mediocrity in service and product quality, and reduces variety," says Hastings, vice president in charge of the Dallas Fed's San Antonio Branch and former executive director of the Free Trade Alliance in San Antonio.

Hastings points out that South Texas cities, including San Antonio and McAllen, are reaching out to China, Brazil, Canada and Europe for trade opportunities. "All these communities are learning that you can't just wait for trade to come to you," he says.

In "Banking Industry Evolution Along the Texas-Mexico Border," economic analyst Joaquin Lopez and senior economist and policy adviser Keith Phillips review presentations from a recent Dallas Fed conference, "Cross-Border Banking." They report that as opportunities for banking increase along the border, the divide between U.S. and Mexican financial systems will continue to fade.

Speakers at the conference included Dallas Fed international financial analyst Edward Skelton, who said that explosive growth in the securitization and mortgage market in Mexico will boost the nation's economy by encouraging higher-quality housing, increased savings and greater wealth creation. SOURCE Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

Prepaid Cards: The State of the Industry

Hat Tip: Bobsguide.com

Boston, MA - 23 July 2007

Aite Group expects the value of branded and private label prepaid card transactions to amount to US$178 billion by 2010, up from US$113 billion in 2007.

A new Impact Report from Aite Group sizes and forecasts the evolution of the prepaid card industry in the United States. It examines the key trends impacting each major component of the industry value chain.Among key findings, the report reveals that despite rapid industry growth, gaining scale in branded prepaid card processing remains a major challenge for processors and issuers. The report also indicates that the introduction of reload services for branded and private label prepaid cards, the drive to offer private label prepaid card products to small merchants, and the deep integration of branded and private label prepaid cards into various industries' business processes are today's three major trends reshaping the industry.
"In the coming few years, the concept of prepaid will grow increasingly irrelevant as it becomes ever-more successful," predicts Gwenn Bézard, research director at Aite Group and author of the report. "Over time, the subtle distinctions between the various card products, such as debit versus prepaid versus credit, and branded versus private label, will erode as products grow in diversity and complexity and mesh together. By the middle of the next decade, the prepaid card industry will have ceased to exist as a recognizable entity."

Anti-laundering compliance costs mount

Hat Tip: Washington Post


By MADLEN READ
The Associated Press

NEW YORK -- Complying with anti-money laundering laws has been much more expensive than banks anticipated, and some still aren't meeting all requirements, a new survey says.
Banks around the world saw compliance costs jump an average of 58 percent over the past three years _ more than in the previous three years, and higher than the 43 percent increase banks predicted in 2004, said a survey commissioned by Swiss cooperative KPMG International.

Among the six regions surveyed, North American banks saw the highest percentage cost increase, with costs rising 71 percent over the last three years. The Middle East and Africa region was close behind with a rise of 70 percent. Banks' compliance costs rose 58 percent in Europe; 37 percent in Asia; 59 percent in Central and South America; and 60 percent in Russia.
Most of the money went toward buying technological systems and hiring experienced personnel to monitor transactions, said the KPMG report, which did not measure the dollar value of the costs.

"A lot of institutions were not automated to the degree regulators were expecting them to be," said Teresa Pesce, U.S. partner at KPMG's forensic practice.

North America respondents said they predict a cost increase of 28 percent in the next three years. Globally, costs are expected to increase 34 percent in the next three-year period.
Many governments require that banks take steps to prevent money laundering. Money laundering involves making certain financial transactions to hide the source, nature or destination of illegal funds. The United States has the Bank Secrecy Act, which was passed in 1970 and amended by the USA Patriot Act of Oct. 26, 2001. It has since been used increasingly to stop the flow of financing to terrorist organizations.

According to KPMG's survey, 93 percent of North American respondents said they had a formal system in place, meaning 7 percent of banks were not in compliance with the Act's testing requirements.

Noncompliance can be costly.
Last year, Fort Lauderdale-based BankAtlantic agreed to forfeit $10 million to the U.S. government to avoid criminal charges that it permitted millions of dollars in suspected drug money to be laundered through its accounts.

And in 2005, Riggs Bank, now owned by Pittsburgh-based PNC Financial Services Group Inc., agreed to pay a $16 million fine and pleaded guilty to a felony charge of failing to report suspicious transactions involving foreigners including former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet and members of his family.

Despite the possible ramifications, just 63 percent of the survey's North American respondents said anti-money laundering issues were a high priority for senior management.

Independent research agency RS Consulting surveyed 224 of the world's 1,000 largest banks, in 55 countries, through telephone interviews over a six-week period.

Ninety-five percent of North American banking executives surveyed said the number of suspicious activity reports had increased, and 63 percent of those same executives said the number had increased "substantially."

"The better your systems are, the better your monitoring is, the more you'll see _ that's going to drive up the number to some extent," Pesce said.